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     emily (Unregistered Guest) Unregistered guest Posted From: 203.184.194.10 Rating: N/A |
i am still waiting for your comments ar~ thanks! See below ok. Follow this thread if you still want to talk about essays; please do not start new thread. | ||
| emily (Unregistered Guest) Unregistered guest Posted From: 203.184.194.10 Rating: |
1994ce#6 to what extent did japan¡¦s emergence as a world power by 1919 result from its victories in foreign war? To a large extend, japan¡¦s victories in foreign wars emergenced it as a world power by 1919. The foreign wars namely were the sino-japanese world in1894-95, the eight-powers expedition in1899, the russo-japanese war in 1904-05 and the first world war in 1914. In all of the wars, japan gained much benefits and helped it become a world power. However, we can not overlook other favourble factors for example the success of the meji modernization and the gain of international friendship. Japan won in the above foreign wars and it was brought to higher status by those wars step by step. Japan was a small nation who defeated the largest country, china in the sino-japanese war in 1894-95. It was the first step for her to be known as a growing powerful nation and the first steps for expansion into asia. later, japan gained the same status with other world power in the eight ¡Vpowers expedition in1899. Should be in 1900 Among the eight nations, only japan was an asian one. Not only japan got economics benefits from them for the development of own economy, but also got an agreement from britain to abolish the extraterritorial right in japan. Japan started to have equal status with european powers. gradually, japan was rising as a powerful nation. The victory of the russo-japanese war in1904-05 was a marked event for japan to be recognize as a strong nation. Russia and japan were competiting for land and raw materials in korea and south manchuria. Japan was the first asian country who defeated other european power in the modern history. After that, japan further expanded into china and asia. The influence of japan over the world was growing stronger. Japan entered the first world war with intention to get germany¡¦s benefits in manchuria and forced china to sign the 21-demands. In the paris peace conference, almost all demands from japan were accepted even some of them were not reasonable. Give more details. The european powers regarded japan as a world power so they supported it in the conference. Although the victory in foreign wars were important for its rising as a world power, other factors like the success of meji modernation and the gain of international relationship could not be overlooked. since 1860s, japan started a series of reform programs. They covered every aspects like militay, economics, politic and education. Because of military reform, japan had power to win in foreign wars. Elaborate The success of economics reform, let japan have capital for self-strengthening. And japan could be recognized as a world power through the formation of constitutional governemt. Japan was the first asian nation who allied with other european nation. It signed the anglo-japanese alliance in 1902. It was an essential step for it to establish a world status. To conclude, I think japan¡¦s victory in foreign wars was a very important factor for it to rise as a world power since a strong nation needed to be good at military and national defend. But we should not ignore other factors like meji modernization and international alliance. In general, the approach is ok. The first part is better. The second part on the 'other factors' needs to be improved. I suppose you have to define the meaning of 'world power'; the criteria of being a world power (not just military victories, maybe with other conditions such as developments in political, socio-economic aspects; think about so-called world powers like Britain at that time.) To become a world power, military victories may be one condition; however, without solid internal developments, it's rather difficult for a country to excel in military expeditions. Again beware of your spelling and punctuation. | ||
| ctk (ctk) Board Administrator Username: ctk Post Number: 11 Registered: 10-2002 Posted From: 218.103.190.252  Rating: |
You may skip the opening of China and Japan if you don't have time. You'd better study World War I. You understand it first then you find it easier to memorize it. Visit http://www.thecorner.org/wwi/wwi.htm for more materials on WWI. | ||
| emily (Unregistered Guest) Unregistered guest Posted From: 203.184.194.10 Rating: N/A |
i prefer to study "japan", "russia", "china" and the rise of nation states for the essay-type question. however, my teacher didn't teach "the opening of china and japan", this topic is related to the modernization of japan and china, so do u think i need to study it ? "the rise of nation states" is related to first world war(nationalism and eastern question), is it a must for me to study ww1 too? actually, no matter how hard i study, i still can't memorize some events like balkan crisis ...andthe topics of eastern question. what should i do? | ||
| emily (Unregistered Guest) Unregistered guest Posted From: 203.184.194.10 Rating: |
thankyou! actually, i don't know how the economics factors hindered the unification of the 2 countries and i don't know how did italy get economoics support. as you mentioned above, i have to state what were the plans of unification, exclusion of south germany ??? then what is the plan of italian states?? which grade do my essay belong to? | ||
| emily (Unregistered Guest) Unregistered guest Posted From: 203.184.194.10 Rating: N/A |
thank you! | ||
| emily (Unregistered Guest) Unregistered guest Posted From: 203.184.194.10 Rating: |
a) What obstacles did both germany and italy face economically and politically during the unification movenments? Write proper nouns in capital letters Because of the vienna settlement, both germany and italy were divided into many states. During the period of 1830 to 1870, the two country tried hard to unify. Externally, they were both influenced greatly by austria and france. Internaly, their people were not enthusiastic to unify and there were not enough econonics support for unification. Austria influence Austrian domination was an obstacle of unification. Austria empire dominated the german confederation(they were under the presidency of austria) and the italian states(the states mainly the central states of Parma, Modena and Tuscany were either controlled by austrian princes or under austrian ruling). There were several attempts for unification. For german cofederation, for example, frankurt assembly was held in 1848 which disscussed the the unification of germany(the unification whether included austria or not). However it was dissolved by austriarather by Prussia as the Prussian king did not accept the crown it offered. For italy, mazzini led revolts in modena and parma(italian states) in order to set up a republican italy. However the revolts were suppressed by austria. France French intervention was another obstacle of unification. For german confederation, france had great influence over the southern catholic german states. French ambition in Germany? Napoleon III preferred a weak divided Germany? For example, the unification was not complete until prussia defeated france in 1871. For italy, mazzini and geribaldi set up a republic in rome but it was suppressed by france in 1949. The rule of the pope was restored and the french troops stationed at rome. Why did France protect Rome? Both german and italians were not united which was a great obstacle of unification. The disunity of German and Italians nationalists hindered the unification. For germany, after austro-prussian war in 1866, the north german confederation was formed, however the southern germany was excluded, the north and the south have cultural and econonmics difference, the southern part was richer; therefore the german states were not united. For italy, people were not enthusiastic for unification. The northern and southern parts of italy had cultural and economics differences. The northern was industrial areas while the southern was farming areas. The former was richer. Or you should mention the different 'plans' for unification in Italy and Germany. During the unification movements both countries did not have enough economics supports. For germany, there were no states strong enough economically to lead the unification since there were trade barriers among states. Until, the set up of zollverein in 1834, there was economics tie among states.meaning??? For italy, there were also lack of economics tie. Too brief Until 1859, cavour, the prime minister of piemont-sardinia, established economics reform and there were money for unification. In german confederation and italian states, there were any political and economics obstacles; therefore during the period of 1815-70, they could not unify the countries in spite of many attempts. B) Explain what the political and economics factors contributed to the unification movements. Although germany and italy faced so many obstacles during the unification movements, however, there were many political and economics factors favoured the unification movenment. Politically, during the period of 1830-70, there were many nationalistic movements in the two countries; both countries had outstanding leaders like bismarck in italy, mazzini, garibaldi and cavour in italy. Explain their contributions. Economically, because of lack of local economics support, both countries successfully got foreign support by diplomatic methods and isolating the enemies. Politically, there were rise of nationalism in the geraman and italian states. For example, there were several nationalistic movements in both countries in 1948,1848 although they were not successful, there were still small achievements. For example, frankurt assembly was held in order to disscuss the unification matter and zollverein was set up to bring the german states together economically; some secret nationalist societies were formed in italy like carbonari and roman republic was set up.the nationalism contributed to unification greatly. Explain in a few more sentences. Both countries had great leaders who led the unification movements. For germany, bismarck used his diplomatic skills to get foeign support , for example, he helped russia suppress revolts in poland in order to get russian support in the prusso-danish war in 1864-65; for italy, mazzini and garibaldi set up the roman reupublic in 1848 , cavour practised reforms to strengthen piemont-sardinia in order to lead the unification movement , victor emmanuel2 was an open-minded king who appointed cavour to be the prime minister. Economically, You are not talking about economic factor in this paragraph -but foreign support and diplomacy. because of lack of local economic support, both countries gained foreign support by diplomatic methods and isolating enemies in order to unite the countries. For germany, prusssia got france and russia support in the wars of austro-danish war in 1864-65 and the austro-prussian war in 1866 and got russian support in the franco-prussian war in 1870-71. For italy, during the unification movement, cavour got france support in the austro-dardinian war in1859 and with france¡¦s help, he got two italian states(nice and savoy)by plebiscites. And with prussian help, it got venetia in 1866. Despite so many political and economics obstacles, both germany and italy could unite the countries. It was because the two countries had such good leaders, there were rise of nationalism and foreign suport. Not bad in general despite my comments above. | ||
| emily (Unregistered Guest) Unregistered guest Posted From: 203.184.194.10 Rating: |
thank you for your help, i would treasure the chance. A) 1995ce why and how did austria attempt to suppress german unification movements after 1815? After the vienna settlement, germany was divided into 39 states. A series of unification attempts were tried in the early 19th century. However, before 1848, all attempts were unsuccessful. Apart form german states¡¦ own problems, austria opposition was a main factor. It was because austria wanted to keep her multi-racial empire, to preserve her influence in europe, to maintain conservative rule and to prevent from declining of the empire. Austria tried to use violent means repressive policies to suppress german unification movements The reasons for suppressing the german unification movements were: firstly, austria was a great Multi-racial empire which consisted of multi-races different races like germans, slavs and magyars etc. she did not give enough rights to them, even though she ruled with autocratic means. the unification movements could easily arouse the nationalism and liberlism of thhose non- german people and stimulated the independence movements of the people.this would be a threat to the empire. Secondly, if the unification of german states was successful, austria empire might have a strong country nearby. It was difficult for her to preserve the influence over europe. Thirdly, after the congress of vienna, austria was weakened by financial and racial problem so she had to suppress the german unification movements in order to prevent from declining. Fourthly, the conservative autrian leaders also detested the ideas of nationalism and changes. In an attempt to suppress the german unification, Austria empire used repressive policies. For example, in 1815, burschenshaten, a german student society started nationalistic and liberal movement to unite german states, however, the society was suppressed by metternich, an austrian leader. He then adpoted repressive policies like carlsbad deree. In 1948, 1848 austria use repressive policies to suppress the franfurt assembly which disscussed the unification of german states. Give more details. Austria also used violent means to oppose the german unification. For example, in 1830s, there were revolts in german states which were then suppressed by the austrian army. In 1848? Austria empire had war with prussia, Explain this point in more detail the strongest states in german confederation in 1866. In conclusion, the above reasons explained why austria opposed the german unification. The above attempts explained how she suppressed the german unification movements. However, she failed because despite the obstacle of the ausrian influence, there were lots of favorable factors of the unification. B) why, despite austria¡¦s opposition, was germany able to achieve unification in 1871? In spite of the austria¡¦s opposition, germany was able to achieve unification in 1871 because germany had lots of favourable factors like the growth of nationalism, the setting up of zollerverein, the rise of prussia and the good leadership of bismarck, the chancellor of prussia. With these favorble conditions, germany could easily overcome the austrian oppositon. After the congress of vienna, there were several political movements to arouse nationalism and liberalism in 1810s, 1930s and 1848s. burschenshaten, a student society was the first party to do so. In 1848, there was the franfurt assembly which discussed the german unification.The effects...Give details Because of distunity of german states, bismarck arouse nationaism among german states More details about Bismarck arousing nationalism and started the austro- prussian war in 1866 and the franco-prussian war in 1870-71. The nationalistic feeling were growing . which was an important factor to oppose austrian influence. In 1834, prussia set up the zollerein which bring the german states together economically, helped to increase german nationalism, speeded up economic development in the states, laid the economic foundation of german unification and weakened the austrian position in germany since she did not join the zollverein. The zollerein was vital to the overcome the austrian domination. It was essential for german states to have a leading states to lead the unification and resist the austrian oppostion.. prussia was given rich lands and she became the strongest states. After 1815, she was strengthened by reforms like aboltion of serfdom, universal military conscription and the formation of zollerein. She was more and more stronger, until the franfurt assembly in1848, the leadership of prussia was recognised since the crown was offered to the prussian king and chose the little germany solution. When prussia became much strong, the german states were more powerful to resist the austrian opposition. The leadership and skilfull diplomacy of bismarck were the key to the success. Bismarck was appointed to be the chancellor on 1862 and carried reforms to strengthen prussia against austria. In order to get economics support, he illegally collected taxes for the army reform. Then under his leadership, prussia won in 3 unification wars. They were the danish-prussian war 1864, the austro-prussian war 1866 and the franco-prussian war 1870-71. He used his skilful diplomacy to isolaton enemies before starting wars, for example, he gained france, russia and italy support to resist austria. In order to reduce the anger of austria after the war, he treated austria leniently in the treaty of prague. To conclude, the above reasons could explain why geramany was able to overcome austrian oppostion and brought the states into unification. We can conclude that the rise of nationalism, the setting up of the zollerein, the rise of prussia and the good leadership were the reasons for success. The decline of Austrian power was also a factor.  Beware of your punctuation and spelling mistakes. They may give a bad impression to the markers. You got the points. You need to further elaborate some of them. |
